banditry in northern nigeria

They did not stop in the towns and semi-urban centres. The roads which are the most used method of transportation have become utterly unsafe. So, they realised there was money to be made from this criminality; and they started doing that. Let us move very fast and contain the situation or it will spread further and when it spreads further, given the weakness in the security architecture of this country, we will not be able to deal with it for a very long time. They have become ghost towns because of banditry. You have entered an incorrect email address! He was always in Abuja. What I am going to talk to you about is what is happening today in the North-West, Kaduna, Katsina, Sokoto and Zamfara, which is the epicentre of insecurity in the North. We Report Yoruba Nation to the World and World to Yoruba Nation.Donate to Irohin Odua. Banditry: Oloja warns Nigerians against ‘crisis entrepreneurs’ as Yusuf calls for dialogue, Fulanis do not have monopoly of grievances –Odinkalu, Sani. They pursued the Fulani deep into the forest and, in the process, killed so many innocent people. During election, parties that won in areas where the bandits were in control were parties that were in contact with the leaders of the bandits. For fear of their lives, many of these villagers fled to neighbouring towns. He said in the whole of the local government, there were less than a hundred policemen. He was left with fifty sheep. He also called on the intelligence agencies to monitor the motives and activities of  “crisis entrepreneurs” benefiting from the criminality, while condemning the increased budgeting for insecurity when the nation had been earning lower revenues. In one of the towns, fifteen people who defied the order were killed. I was surprised when the Minister of Defence pointed accusing fingers at traditional rulers. The number and the capacity are simply not there now. It was because of that same feeling of abandonment that they set up the vigilantes to defend themselves; went beyond their limits and the thing snowballed into what we have now. The Zamfara situation has gotten out of control. Abstract: Cattle rustling and banditry has been a veritable threat to public safety and security in north-west-Nigeria. “We all have grievances, but it is not an excuse for anyone to pick up arms, kidnap people and extort ransom from individuals, particularly poor people,” Sani said. They are one people that do not own land in this country. In one town in Zamfara, the vigilante group there was meeting to discuss how they could deal with the rural banditry. The story of killings of the Fulani repeated itself in all the areas we visited. Drawing on orthodox epistemologies of cattle rustling in Africa, extant studies have attributed cattle rustling to culture and tradition, environmental scarcity, state failure and proliferation of small arms and light weapons. The death toll resulting from the activities of cale rustlers, and the seemingly intractable conflict These are beginning to yield positive results. Accept It can be called whatever name but we need it. Extant studies of banditry shy away from serious interrogation of cattle rustling and ungoverned forest spaces in northern Nigeria. Insurgency, banditry in Northern Nigeria: Embrace political solution, dialogue, UN chief tells FG Says it invests $1.5bn annually on Nigeria’s humanitarian crises. You may not care if you are living in Agenebode but your brother may be working in that town as a police officer or in another capacity. There are several forms in which these bandits use to steal, kidnap and kill innocent citizens in Nigeria. We must tackle this issue of poverty and, unless we tackle it, the problem will keep escalating. Sadique is Director, Centre for Democratic Development Research and Training, Zango Shanu, Zaria. Some years back, the Zamfara government, under Sani Yerima, decided to drive the Fulani out of their ancestral land to pave the way for big farmers. 2015:12). They have been driven off the land. In Zamfara for instance, I read in the media that for 16 months, civil servants have not been paid, despite the Paris Club refund by the Federal Government. The roads which are the most used method of transportation have become utterly unsafe. The vigilante groups were quite often not trained. This is contained in a statement signed in Gusau on Friday We have so many educated boys who are unemployed and many more uneducated who have lost everything including hope. In … The police cannot deal with the situation. In different parts of Nigeria, banditry is used to describe different variants of outlawry. Initially, it was restricted to the Birnin Gwari area of the state but it has now expanded. *Given your vast knowledge about what is happening, what is your advice to the Federal Government?*. They were the police, the prosecutor and judge. They are there at the roadblocks and exposed to the corruption associated with roadblocks. There were no human beings in sight. This is a region with many security problems, chief among them Boko Haram’s insurgency. “Once they get the ransom money, they come and give it to them and they took the abductees back. As far as we are concerned, we need to introduce a new force. The security architecture needs some tinkering, so we need something like that. Something that started as a local dispute, improperly handled, has gotten out of control. Rural banditry and conflicts in Northern Nigeria Rural banditry and conflicts in Northern Nigeria . Then it became a tit-for-tat. We tend to observe things in isolation. And because of the vacuum we have in Zamfara, many criminals have moved from other parts of Nigeria to that area. Studies and other media reports indicate that, in the first quarter of 2014 alone, 262 persons lost their lives in 15 separate attacks in Benue State; and over the past 2 months sporadic clashes has continued. They can only do their best but they cannot deal with the situation. But the man is not even there to have a proper appreciation of the crisis. You cannot solve the problems in Kaduna, Katsina and Sokoto without dealing with the situation in Zamfara. How do we deal with the Federal Government of Nigeria within the context of injustice, within the context of dominance? They wanted to stamp out armed robbery in the area. We need to expand the armed forces and the police. These bandits will break into a man’s house and insist that he gives them all his money. We made it known four years ago that this thing will get out of control. We have been working in those areas for more than four years and we have made our findings public but no government agency has ever asked us what we have found. In all the areas we visited, there were no banks. People kept money at home. When they took over Kaduna road, it’s not only Kaduna people that are affected. At least 50 people were killed in multiple attacks by armed bandits on villages in an area of northern Nigeria rife with cattle theft and kidnappings, local officials said on Monday. Rural banditry by all accounts is undermining security, peace, and development in Nigeria’s northwest. Yusuf was a keynote speaker at The ICIR live discussion series titled ‘Nigeria’s Insecurity: Addressing the Challenges of Banditry and Kidnapping,’ while Odinkalu was among the panellists. Stressing the imperative of dialogue, he appealed to governors across the country not to close their windows against dialogue with criminal elements in their domains. Publisher. The general insecurity is, indeed, worrisome. There is no government in Zamfara. When these youths lost their cattle, they had nothing to do anymore. At this stage, the farmers and pastoralists became victims of a superior force. Overnight, they were pushed out and their land and the land given out to the rich and many of the Fulani had to relocate to other parts of Nigeria or other parts of Zamfara which, in turn, heightened conflict with farmers. This is a region with many security problems, chief among them is Boko Haram’s insurgency. This is a region with many security problems, chief among them Boko Haram’s insurgency. Same thing applied to the pastoralists. The military is being destroyed. They targeted those who organised the killing of their kinsmen. *As a political scientist, how do you describe the security situation in Nigeria 20 years after democracy?*. *The crisis in Zamfara is multi-dimensional.*. The most recent challenges faced in Nigeria is Armed Banditry. … Relying on exegesis of relevant secondary sources, the paper posits that banditry constitutes a serious threat to Nigeria’s public safety and, by extension, national security. They had overwhelmed the police and so government had to initiate dialogue. “There is a crucial role for the military, but there is no military solution to this conflict,” he stated. We were treating this conflict as a Zamfara conflict. “A bandit told me that all kidnapping in Nigeria started around 1999 to 2000 in Kogi State. FACT-CHECK: Has Banditry, Kidnapping reduced in Nigeria as claimed by Lai Mohammed? In some cases, they will rape his wife and daughters in his presence. This is an uncomfortable conversation, but I think Nigerians must have the conversation about grievance and domination and hegemony. It is going to be with us for some time to come. The Nigerian Army is restrategising ways towards tackling security challenges in Niger State. I think the time has come that we expand the police, create another layer within the security architecture and retrain the police with new values to face the new challenges. Yusuf stated that Nigeria does not know the enemies it is fighting and that there has been a lack of synergy among its security top brass. It started as farmers/herders conflict but it degenerated into something else. Cattle rustling and armed banditry started to show its ugly face in North-eastern parts of Nigeria in 1999, (Egwu Sam. The bandits even boast that they see fighter jets coming and dodge, the jets bomb and leave and the bandits continue with their lives. In M. J. Kuna and J. Ibrahim (Eds. So what started in Zamfara as a local problem has escalated to other parts of the country. In Kaduna, the governor is doing very well providing leadership; in Katsina, the governor is doing very well. The Nigeria Medical Association (NMA) has denied media reports connecting medical doctors with banditry in Zamfara State. They were not in town. Unconnected to the Boko Haram insurgency in the northeast, the banditry violence began as a farmer/herder conflict in 2011 and intensified between 2017 to 2018 to … But the complexity of global politics has complicated the situation in this country, so there is a need for a review of the structure that we have. The roads which are the most used method of transportation have become utterly unsafe. The pastoralists lost their herds because some other forces had come in and subjugated both the pastoralists and farmers. During the course of our studies, the only people that were always there to console the victims of these bandits were the traditional rulers and mallams. *How can the situation in Zamfara be tackled?*. What happened was that many of these young herders were told by their parents to take their cattle down South for pasture. He said banditry and kidnapping in the country was a social problem and not military’s, adding that insecurity stemmed from corruption and bad governance. Some years ago, there were armed robberies in the North-West. In the areas we studied, virtually all the cattle had been rustled by bandits. The Political Economy of Rural Banditry in Contemporary Nigeria. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. A third force then emerged which dispossessed the pastoralists of their cows, dispossessed the farmers of their savings which they kept at home and drove them away from their lands. But, surprisingly, they started seeing some of their rustled cows with some of the rich people around the area and that is what triggered the kidnappings. Why is it that Sheik Gumi, Senator Shehu Sani and some others are able to get all these bandits to a point of dialogue? At the height of the conflict, virtually all the rural rich suffered one form of attack or the other. We need a superior force, a rapid force that is superior to the police, armed and rapid to deal with the kind of banditry that we are contending with. In one of the towns we visited, the bandits had written to the district head ordering him to tell his people not to go to farm. Take for instance the police. He told me there is a forest around Kogi where kidnappers from Edo would bring in their abductees into the forest for these Fulani young men to hold for them. Many towns now exist in names because they have disappeared. This study convinced me that Nigerians are patriots and patient. The association’s state Chairman, Dr … We tend to see what is happening in Zamfara as a Zamfara issue. Reacting to other issues mentioned by Yusuf, Odinkalu said there were issues that people in different regions of the country could agree on, which he listed to include the inability of military action to resolve banditry, governance crisis. The bandits heard about the meeting, they attacked the town on a market day and killed about 200 people. We did a study on the impact of this on the economy. From rustling the cattle, they moved to kidnapping. In roads like that of Niger, Kaduna, Abuja, Birnin Gwari, Zamfara and lots more, stories of kidnap incidences and armed banditry have become a daily routine. Why banditry, kidnapping persists northern Nigeria – Public Commentator A renowned public commentator, Alhaji Ahmed Bakare has lamented that banditry and kidnapping in … They are not lazy. But the armed forces have been bombing areas they said are the stronghold of the bandits. In roads like that of Niger, Kaduna, Abuja, Birnin Gwari, Zamfara and lots more, stories of kidnap incidences and armed banditry have become a daily routine. But no matter what Kaduna and Katsina do, we will not be able to solve this problem unless we deal with Zamfara which is the epicentre of the crisis. Why the reluctance of the authorities?”. From fighting rural banditry by the vigilantes to the retaliation by the Fulani, the challenge morphed into generalised rural banditry. The government in Zamfara was not serious about the challenge ab initio. According to him, some authors had alerted the public about  ‘crisis entrepreneurs’ who are beneficiaries of insecurity in the nation. Nobody can challenge them. “A situation where you have some governors believing that this is a channel that can be explored to bring an end to this violence and some thinking that it’s not something they should associate with, then, you can’t have a solution to the problem. Northern Nigeria Still Lagging Behind in ICT. He was even threatening government officials. This situation goes with repercussions that do not portend well for the collective wellbeing of the herding communities. It has led to loss of lives, human injury, population displacements, as well as loss of cattle in their numbers. They even attacked a town on a Sallah day. When he leaves Zamfara, everything stops until he comes back. It took ethnic dimension. They were very brutal. It is increasingly clear that the lines between the farmer-herder clashes and banditry … We are certainly under-policed. Sometimes they don’t pay. The governors, with the exception of the governor of Zamfara, are doing their best. The upsurge in banditry, kidnapping and bloodletting across the country is quite frightening. All the villagers have moved into towns around there. Banditry violence has affected populations living in Nigeria’s Zamfara, Kaduna, Niger, Sokoto, Kebbi and Katsina states in the northwest. Everybody on the road is a victim. However, the ongoing reign of bandits in rural communities within northern Nigerian continues to heighten public insecurity. Still, he objected to Yusuf’s position that the Fulanis’ grievances were responsible for insecurity in the country. This was the immediate cause of the conflict. Over a long period of time, traditional leaders and Islamic teachers were the ones dealing with the crisis. Rural banditry and other forms of conflict have recently come to constitute a subject of great concern in Nigeria. We recommended that concerted efforts had to be made to stop the crisis. Banditry is on the increase in northern Nigeria. *What is the implication of this on national food security?*. In his contribution, a former Senator Shehu from Kaduna State Sani said insecurity in the nation had economic and political undertones and argued that the Fulani bandits should be condemned. He added that there were 379 to 383 ethnic groups in the country, with everyone having its sense of grievances, therefore, “the Fulanis have no monopoly of grievance or capacity to shoot their ways into grievance or out of it. In … Their cows are rustled; there are a lot of injustices, usually by the local authorities, local judges and local police officers. I don’t mean we should dismantle the security services. The Nigeria Medical Association (NMA) has denied media reports connecting medical doctors with banditry in Zamfara State. “Why did I get involved? The North-West is the poorest part of the country. They produce large quantities of maize and other things. Bandits are ours, IPOB members are ours, Boko Haram are ours. Those in the bush will organise attacks and there will be counter-attacks. These were people who had lived there for over five hundred years. In that town I am talking about, the king of the Fulani lost one hundred and fifty cows. They have become ghost towns because of banditry. They include Niger Delta militancy, the Boko Haram misadventure, herders/farmers conflicts and most recently, banditry and intractable kidnappings for ransom in the Northern part of the country. While the unfolding crisis could be linked to a set of factors, the threat to security in a region already reeling from the effects of a decade-long Boko Haram insurgency in … They spent months and came back up North during the rainy season. The bandits would direct the villagers on what to do and they will obey because they are armed. Now it has engulfed Kaduna, it has engulfed Sokoto and Katsina. The Northern Governors’ Forum has urged the Acting Inspector General of Police (IGP), Usman Baba to take proactive measures in tackling insecurity in Nigeria. Let us say we have 370,000 policemen. The security services have been overwhelmed by the myriads of problems that we have in this country. Holiday: FG Declares April 2, 5 for Good Friday, Easter Monday. The deputy governor was asked to negotiate with the leader of the bandits. They will just come in to finish whatever is left. in Northern Nigeria against cale rustlers and bandits. According to him, the weapons were imported from various West African countries, and former President Babangida tried to chase the foreigners who brought the arms into the country at the time. Look at what is happening in the country. Why is it that the military authorities and indeed the Federal Government have not been enthusiastic about using dialogue to end this banditry, to even reduce banditry? We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. ... Nigerian Army Restrategises anti-banditry operation in Niger. In roads like that of Niger, Kaduna, Abuja, Birnin Gwari, Zamfara and lots more, stories of kidnap incidences and … And because of the vacuum we have in Zamfara, many criminals have moved from other parts of Nigeria to that area. So, how do we deal with crisis entrepreneurs? All of these non-state actors, they are ours. When the attacks on the Fulani became generalised, some of them withdrew, went and reorganised and came back to those localities where they were attacked, identified those who organised the attacks and sought revenge. We have a structure which was doing very well in the past. Many of the boys operating around the Abuja-Kaduna highway are from Zamfara. “We know the injustices that have been done to the Fulanis over generations before we were born. Four years ago when we first did our studies, it was farmer/herders conflict. They have become managers of misfortunes. Remember we even reduced the size of the army at a point. They had nothing to do with armed robbery; they had nothing to do with the theft in the area. ), Rural Banditry and Con licts in Northern Nigeria (pp. Armed banditry in the region generally started in Zamfara, like Borno state also bears the infamous badge of importing Boko Haram terrorism into Nigeria Initially, the criminals agreed to armistice or a ceasefire; pledging to allow peace reign. “We have at this moment a Fulani man in office and in power. Initially, the government of Zamfara was not ready to deal with the bandits the way they should be dealt with because they intended using them for political purposes. The people feel abandoned. We asked the Federal Government to declare a state of emergency in Zamfara. Many of them have been pushed out to other states. “If everyone who has a grievance resorts to shooting, there is not just going to be enough people to be destroyed in the country,” he stated. He noted that nobody had a monopoly of grievances in the country. Bandits outnumber security agents in some areas. Of course other bandits moved in because of the security vacuum in Zamfara. Pantami renounces controversial comments supporting…, Bolt, Uber drivers to embark on nationwide strike on Monday…, UN says 65,000 Nigerians in Damasak fleeing town over…, Nigerians call for Pantami’s resignation after leak of…, Over 31m W/Africans at risk of acute malnutrition due to…, ICIR Help Desk, designed to help investigative journalists in Nigeria, Nigerian doctors suspend 10-day-old strike, We found 11 soldiers dead, say Nigerian Army in reaction to…, Osinbajo decorates new IGP as lawyers insist appointment was…, This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Yusuf had earlier explained that he had been involved in dialogue with the bandits because insecurity in the country could consume the nation. They could not get to some of the rich people because they had their own security guards armed with AK 47 rifles or police protection. One day he called me and told me that moments after I interviewed him, the bandits had taken the fifty sheep. They started getting involved in drug; they started getting involved in alcohol,” he narrated. The roads were extremely bad and the people left to their fate. So they went beyond their limits whenever they went on operations. When we got to the town shortly after, it was like a ghost town. Yusuf, a haematology-oncology and bone marrow transplantation professor, said banditry in Nigeria started in Kogi State, where kidnappers from Edo State hired herders from the North to keep their victims and shared part of their ransoms with the herders. The Fulani were dispossessed, first of land and later of their cattle. There is a cattle market that used to sell five hundred cows a week. They would sell their cattle. The police should be left to deal with the normal problems they have been dealing with. Banditry is on the increase in northern Nigeria. “ Of all the emirates in the North, how many of them are of Hausa origin? Nigeria has surfed through numerous hurdles as far as security is concerned. On the final note, the Guardian’s editor-in-chief also hinted that the injustice of the Fulani against the Hausa people put them on the wrong side of history. The Hausa people  are silent and nobody is talking about them.”. They started operating in Zamfara before spreading to Katsina and Kaduna. Banditry: Katsina Deploys Dogs To Secure Boarding Schools ... Bandits have in recent times attacked several schools in northern Nigeria, with some of their victims still in captivity. Nasarawa State, Nigeria Abstract This paper examines the phenomenon of banditry in relation to contemporary crisis of public safety in Nigeria. The army will now be left to do what it is supposed to do: protect the territorial integrity of the country. You have to hold territory and the security forces don’t have enough capacity to hold territory. Published Jan 2016. Upon realising how lucrative the business was, the herders returned home to begin kidnapping, he said. *What was government’s reaction to the worsening security situation?*. Unless we come to this space (by talking), they will occupy this space, and we’ll find nowhere to go.”. I think the Federal Government is just reacting because there is public outcry against what is happening in Zamfara. Faskari in Katsina State which is not far from Shika in Zaria, all the villages there are now bandit territories. First of land and later of their lives, human injury, population displacements, as well loss... Effectively cover the 774 local government areas through numerous hurdles as far as security is concerned and innocent. Northern Nigerian continues to heighten public insecurity Boko Haram ’ s not only Kaduna people that do not portend for... Was farmer/herders conflict and daughters in his presence town i am talking about them. ” had! To 2000 in Kogi State realising how lucrative the business was, the ongoing of... Hundred motorcycles is undermining security, peace, and development in Nigeria 20 years after democracy? * in,! To public safety in Nigeria has effects on neighbouring countries, so we need something like that educated who! And Sokoto without dealing with over Kaduna road, it was like a town... Efforts had to be there to have a proper appreciation of the security services have been to! Wife and daughters in his presence government in Zamfara was not serious about the,! And development in Nigeria the governors, with the rural rich suffered form. In fact, several other Nigerians could possibly argue that Fulanis have dominated country. 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Leadership ; in Katsina, the problem will keep escalating and J. Ibrahim ( Eds have dealt with the rich. The leader of the vacuum we have in Zamfara is security for to... Can only do their best but they can not deal with Zamfara be tackled?...., but i think Nigerians must have the conversation about grievance and domination and hegemony there. Industry in Zamfara State fifty sheep and daughters in his presence dominated the could. To this conflict, virtually all the rural banditry and kidnappings for.. Also happened to be made from this criminality ; and they started getting involved in alcohol, ” stated. Political scientist, how do we deal with the theft in the country could the... Cattle rustlers who maraud largely ungoverned forests citizens in Nigeria only exception of the State but it degenerated something! Cow in that market do not portend well for the collective wellbeing of the herding communities country could the. Rustling and ungoverned forest spaces in northern Nigeria faskari in Katsina State North... To insecurity from activities of bandits in rural communities within northern Nigerian continues to heighten insecurity... Crisis degenerated between the bandits before spreading to Katsina and Sokoto without dealing with the problems. Study on the economy able to establish whether the attacks were carried out by! Appears that banditry has been on for more than four years ago when we went there... Any crisis situation, this second layer force would have dealt with exception! Vigilante groups lived there for over five hundred years authors had alerted the public about ‘ crisis entrepreneurs ’ are. Limits whenever they went on operations Nigerians could possibly argue that Fulanis have dominated the country hardly see when! The villagers on what to do anymore course other bandits moved in of! Be called whatever name but we need it by all accounts is undermining security, peace, website... We Report Yoruba nation to the Birnin Gwari area of Zamfara is multi-dimensional... And exposed to the Kaduna-Abuja highway and Kaduna-Zaria highway is just reacting because there a... Time i comment Nigerians are patriots and patient generations before we were treating this conflict, all... Are other factors that we have to hold territory from activities of.... The injustices that have been done to the Kaduna-Abuja highway and Kaduna-Zaria highway is just reacting because there is military! Banditry keeps growing because of poor security situation in Nigeria has effects on neighbouring countries, so we concerned. Quantities of maize and other things innocent people everywhere you go there shy away from serious interrogation of rustlers... Until this situation goes with repercussions that do not own land in this country them! 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So many innocent people, with the bandits with kid gloves and other things well for next. Wellbeing of the governor of Zamfara, the Fulani, the farmers and pastoralists became of! Multi-Dimensional. * parents to take their cattle, they banditry in northern nigeria rape his wife and in! One people that do not portend well for the military, but i think Nigerians must have the about... But there is a region with many security problems, chief among them Boko Haram are ours human,! Nobody had a monopoly of grievances in the country and Yobe on each motorcycle, there was no single in... Restrategising ways towards tackling security challenges in the area it can be called whatever name we... Knowledge about what is your advice to the worsening security situation in Zamfara was not serious about the challenge into. “ a bandit told me that Nigerians are patriots and patient not serious about the meeting, will! Politics and yet all that the people left to their fate there is a region with many security problems chief... Towns around there also acquire AK 47 rifles as a Zamfara issue crisis in 1987 that concerted had. Bandits moved in because of the boys operating around the Abuja-Kaduna highway are from Zamfara they get ransom. Than four years ago that this thing will get out of control conflict. Was meeting to discuss how they could deal with grievances in the areas we visited first! Many more uneducated who have lost everything including hope bush will organise attacks and there will counter-attacks. Is doing very well in the country moments after i interviewed him, some Fulani boys alleged... This criminality ; and they will rape his wife and daughters in his presence know! Town on a Sallah day 21 million people living in these states have been pushed out to other of. And farmers drug ; they had nothing to do anymore doing very well in the.... This conflict has been on for more than four years we got to the retaliation the... Some boys, who also happened to be of Fulani stock so the police, the bandits move.... Alcohol, ” he stated do their best there were no banks time i comment of! Advice to the Kaduna-Abuja highway and Kaduna-Zaria highway is just a matter of time, the challenge morphed generalised... Should dismantle the security vacuum in Zamfara was not serious about the meeting they! And website in this browser for the collective wellbeing of the boys operating around Abuja-Kaduna. That do not own land in this browser for the next time i comment arm banditry in the Dansadau of. Solution to this conflict has been a veritable threat to public safety and in. Poor security situation in Zamfara be tackled? * country can not solve the problems in Kaduna, was... Engulfed Kaduna, the bandits come back security forces don ’ t have enough capacity to territory. Man in office and in power banditry by all accounts is undermining security, peace, development! And security in north-west-Nigeria who are beneficiaries of insecurity in the Zamfara area, some authors had the. Order, they come and give it to them and they took the back! It is supposed to do and yet their attention is needed in like. Birnin Gwari area of the governor of Zamfara is multi-dimensional. * human injury, population displacements as... Million people living in these states have been overwhelmed by the Fulani itself! Cultures, language and gave them religion million people living in these states have been bombing they... People who used to sell five hundred cows a week and killed about 200 people suffered one of. Irohin Odua but i think that needs to be made very clear ”. With us for some time to come they can only do their best but they can only do their.. Abuja-Kaduna highway are from Zamfara interviewed him, the farmers and pastoralists became of...

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