the bullet train

It was released in North America on 1 January 1976. However, the smaller diameter of Shinkansen tunnels, compared to some other high-speed lines, has resulted in the issue of tunnel boom becoming a concern for residents living close to tunnel portals. Construction of the West Kyushu Shinkansen branch from, Hokkaido Shinkansen northward extension: Sapporo–Asahikawa. The prefabricated upstands are made of either reinforced concrete or pre-stressed reinforced concrete; they prevent the track slab from moving latitudinally or longitudinally. This allows a GCT to traverse both standard gauge and narrow gauge tracks without the expense of regauging lines. [59], Construction of the extension beyond Tsuruga is not expected to commence before 2030, with a projected 15-year construction period. PUSCIFER Releases 'Bullet Train To Iowa' Video April 12, 2021 0 Comments PUSCIFER has unveiled the next chapter in the saga of desert-dwelling scamp Billy D … [citation needed], The U.S. Federal Railroad Administration was in talks with a number of countries concerning high-speed rail, notably Japan, France and Spain. Until 2011, Japan's high-speed rail system had the highest annual patronage of any system worldwide, China's HSR network's patronage reached 1.7 billion and is now the world's highest. The Shinkansen is very reliable thanks to several factors, including its near-total separation from slower traffic. Class 801 EMUs were built by Hitachi for London North Eastern Railway. The last of these trains, with their classic bullet-nosed appearance, were retired on 30 November 2008. Japan's Shinkansen network had the highest annual passenger ridership (a maximum of 353 million in 2007) of any high-speed rail network until 2011, when the Chinese high-speed railway network surpassed it at 370 million passengers annually, reaching over 2.3 billion annual passengers in 2019.[12]. This is a big bullet train to begin with. The system shuts down between midnight and 06:00 every day for maintenance. Tokyo – Hokuriku (345 km): The fastest Shinkansen service between these cities is 2​, This page was last edited on 14 April 2021, at 07:07. A test facility for rolling stock, now part of the line, opened in Odawara in 1962. [citation needed], Japan will provide Shinkansen technology for a high-speed rail link between Bangkok and the northern city of Chiang Mai under an agreement reached with Thailand on 27 May 2015. The route for the Nagoya to Osaka section is also contested. The coaches are air-sealed to ensure stable air pressure when entering tunnels at high speed. [7], Toei Video released the film on DVD on 21 June 2002. Introduction  Bullet train is a system of transportation that uses magnetic levitation to suspend, guide and propel vehicles from magnets rather than using mechanical methods, such as friction-reliant wheels, axles and bearings. Following the end of World War II, high-speed rail was forgotten for several years while traffic of passengers and freight steadily increased on the conventional Tōkaidō Main Line along with the reconstruction of Japanese industry and economy. The U.S. version of The Bullet Train was bundled with Golgo 13: Assignment Kowloon and Executioner in the Kill Chiba Collection Region 1 DVD set by Crash Cinema on 18 May 2004. This proposal initially involved introducing Gauge Change Trains (GCT) travelling from Hakata to Shin-Tosu (26.3 km) on the existing Kyushu Shinkansen line, then passing through a specific gauge changing (standard to narrow) section of track linking to the existing Nagasaki Main Line, along which it would travel to Hizen Yamaguchi (37.6 km), then onto the Sasebo Line to Takeo Onsen (13.7 km), where another gauge changing section (narrow to standard) would lead onto the final Shinkansen line to Nagasaki (66.7 km). [16] The AC frequency of the power supply for the Tokaido Shinkansen is 60 Hz. The maximum speed on these lines is 130 km/h, however the overall travel time to/from Tokyo is improved due to the elimination of the need for passengers to change trains at Fukushima and Morioka respectively. Other significant people responsible for its technical development were Tadanao Miki, Tadashi Matsudaira, and Hajime Kawanabe based at the Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI), part of JNR. Tōhoku, Hokkaido, Yamagata and Akita Shinkansen, Miura, S., Takai, H., Uchida, M., and Fukada, Y. When freight train 5790 indeed explodes, Hikari 109's conductor Aoki is informed by Shinkansen director Kuramochi not to slow down the train below 120 km/h while the security personnel aboard the train search for the bomb - thus delaying the trip to Hakata by three hours. Tokyo – Fukuoka (1,069 km): The Shinkansen takes about five hours on the fastest, Osaka – Fukuoka (554 km): One of the most competitive sections. Such expansion had a significant cost. Directed by David Leitch. (Plus all the leg room you get is bananas!) ", "新幹線鉄道騒音に係る環境基準について（昭和50年環境庁告示） The Environmental Regulation of Shinkansen Noise Pollution (1975, Environmental Agency) (Japanese)", http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/000232384.pdf, "Taiwan HSR operator pitches restructuring idea to shareholders｜WCT", https://www.railwaygazette.com/high-speed/seikan-tunnel-shinkansen-speed-up-saves-3-min/58804.article?utm_source=RGInewsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_content=Story%203&utm_campaign=RGInewsletter-%2020210402, "Construction approved on 3 new bullet train extensions", "Japan's newest bullet train line has busy first year- Nikkei Asian Review", "Talks begin on Hokuriku Shinkansen extension", http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/000215188.pdf, "Promoting the Tokaido Shinkansen Bypass by the Superconducting Maglev system", "Most direct line for maglev gets panel OK", "Economy, prestige at stake in Kyoto-Nara maglev battle", "Do Faster Trains Challenge Air Carriers? This followed India and Japan conducting feasibility studies on high-speed rail and dedicated freight corridors. A trial of the proposed bogie was undertaken on a purpose-built 180-metre-long gauge-changer at Tsuruga, but it was unsuccessful and the plans were abandoned.[62]. "Shinkansen Big Explosion") (also known as Super Express 109) is a 1975 Japanese disaster film directed by Junya Satō and starring Ken Takakura, Sonny Chiba, and Ken Utsui. In practice, the Tokaido, San'yō, and Kyushu lines form a contiguous west/southbound line from Tokyo, as train services run between the Tokaido and San'yō lines and between the San'yō and Kyushu lines, though the lines are operated by different companies. The China Railways CRH2, built by CSR Sifang Loco & Rolling stocks corporation, with the license purchased from a consortium formed of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, and Hitachi, is based on the E2-1000 series design. Because of the risk of earthquakes in Japan, the Urgent Earthquake Detection and Alarm System (UrEDAS) (an earthquake warning system) was introduced in 1992. As proof of the bomb's efficiency, Okita tells Miyashita that a similar bomb has been placed on freight train 5790 bound from Yūbari to Oiwake. It was anticipated the train would travel approximately 600,000 km over the three-year trial. Although in some cases regional extension was frustrated by protracted land acquisition issues (sometimes influenced by the cancellation of the Narita Shinkansen following fierce protests by locals), over time Shinkansen lines were built to relatively sparsely populated areas with the intent the network would disperse the population away from the capital. This would enable a travel time from Tokyo to Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto of 3 hours and 45 minutes, a saving of 12 minutes on the current timetable. Kuramochi relays the information to Aoki and sends a rescue train to provide welding equipment to cut an access hole where the bomb is. This train gave designers the confidence that they could safely build an even faster standard gauge train. Total project costs are estimated in excess of 1 trillion yen ($8.1 billion). Five assassins aboard a fast moving bullet train find out their missions have something in common. (this data excludes Russia and Turkey, which geographically have parts in Asia but for sake of convenience included in Europe column), For 2013, Japan's Ministry of Transport has not updated data, nor is summed European data available (even 2012 data is very rough), however Taiwan ridership is 47.49 million, Tokyo – Nagoya (342 km), Tokyo – Sendai (325 km), Tokyo –, Tokyo – Osaka (515 km): Shinkansen is dominant because of fast (2 hours 22 minutes) and frequent service (up to every 10 minutes by. Two mini-shinkansen routes have been constructed: the Yamagata Shinkansen and Akita Shinkansen. Fleeing via motorcycle, Ōshiro finds himself tailed by several squad cars until he collides with one and is killed after hitting a light post. [3], Starting with the Tōkaidō Shinkansen (515.4 km, 320.3 mi) in 1964,[4] the network has expanded to currently consist of 2,764.6 km (1,717.8 mi) of lines with maximum speeds of 240–320 km/h (150–200 mph), 283.5 km (176.2 mi) of Mini-Shinkansen lines with a maximum speed of 130 km/h (80 mph), and 10.3 km (6.4 mi) of spur lines with Shinkansen services. [10], A novelization of the film was written by Joseph Rance and Arei Kato, and released in 1980. Currently the Tokaido Shinkansen has a minimum connection time of 2 hours 19 minutes.[66]. Meanwhile, at Haneda Airport, Okita prepares to board his flight, but his cover is blown when his ex-wife Yasuko Tomita and son Kenichi spot him. Shinkansen trains reduced the congestion burden on regional transportation by increasing throughput on a minimal land footprint, therefore being economically preferable compared to modes (such as airports or highways) common in less densely populated regions of the world. Police race to find the bombers and to learn how to defuse the bomb. [7] Test runs have reached 443 km/h (275 mph) for conventional rail in 1996, and up to a world record 603 km/h (375 mph) for SCMaglev trains in April 2015.[8]. Over the Shinkansen's 50-plus year history, carrying over 10 billion passengers, there have been no passenger fatalities due to train accidents such as derailments or collisions,[3] despite frequent earthquakes and typhoons. He is shot dead while attempting to escape outside the airport. In the event of an earthquake, an earthquake detection system can bring the train to a stop very quickly; newer trainsets are lighter and have stronger braking systems, allowing for quicker stopping. The CEO of JR Central announced plans to have the maglev Chūō Shinkansen operating from Tokyo to Nagoya by 2027. A Shinkansen bullet train travels along an elevated railway track passing Yurakucho station in Tokyo, Japan, on Sept. 8, 2020. [87] On 14 November 2008, Japanese Deputy Prime Minister Tarō Asō and Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva talked about this rail project. A private organisation dedicated to aiding the Australian Government in delivering high speed rail: Consolidated Land and Rail Australia has considered purchasing Shinkansen technology or SC Maglev rolling stock for a potential Melbourne-Canberra-Sydney-Brisbane line. Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka was an ardent supporter of the Shinkansen, and his government proposed an extensive network paralleling most existing trunk lines. Long rails are used, joined by expansion joints to minimize gauge fluctuation due to thermal elongation and shrinkage. There have been some activity regarding the Shikoku and Trans-Shikoku Shinkansen in recent years. Police race to find the bombers and to learn how to defuse the bomb. [86], Japan has promoted its Shinkansen technology to the Government of Brazil for use on the planned high-speed rail set to link Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Campinas. [10][48], Cumulative ridership since October 1964 is over 5 billion passengers for the Tokaido Shinkansen Line alone and 10 billion passengers for Japan's entire shinkansen network. On 30 October 2012, JR East announced that it is pursuing research and development to increase speeds to 360 km/h on the Tohoku Shinkansen by 2020. [65] An extension of this test track from 18.4 km to 42.8 km was completed in June 2013, enabling extended high-speed running trials to commence in August 2013. Koga limps back into Okita's hideout to have his gunshot wound tended. Although an extension from Sapporo to Asahikawa was included in the 1973 list of planned lines, at this time it is unknown whether the Hokkaido Shinkansen will be extended beyond Sapporo. They were responsible for much of the technical development of the first line, the Tōkaidō Shinkansen. To achieve the full benefit of Shinkansen trains travelling on the dual gauge section at 260 km/h (160 mph) (the maximum speed proposed through the tunnel), alternatives are being considered, such as a system to automatically slow Shinkansen trains to 200 km/h (125 mph) when passing narrow-gauge trains, and/or loading freight trains onto special "Train on Train" standard-gauge trains (akin to a covered piggyback flatcar train) built to withstand the shock wave of oncoming Shinkansen trains traveling at full speed. changing your god-given dna: “bullet train to auschwitz” (5 min vid) april 15, 2021 geraldo to dan bongino: “you son of a bitch, you’re a punk” (vid) april 15, 2021 nuremberg nazi executions 1946 – what happened to the bodies? Prime Minister Aso concurred on the bilateral cooperation to improve rail infrastructure in Brazil, including the Rio–São Paulo–Campinas high-speed rail line. A subsequent extension to Osaka is planned to be completed by 2037. California Bullet Train Project Reportedly Facing Additional Delays It’s yet another setback for the project that’s been mired in pushed deadlines and cost overruns. [1][2] It is operated by five Japan Railways Group companies. [31] The current minister has not indicated whether this proposal remains supported. Under its management, a High Speed Rail Training Institute is being developed with Japanese assistance in Vadodara, Gujarat. Alstom Euroduplex. How, is what this blog tries to explore by answering questions about ‘when will the bullet train run in India’ and ‘the cities to be connected by bullet trains in India’. The first one occurred during the Chūetsu earthquake on 23 October 2004. However, due to the issues with the development of the GCT, the proposal has not advanced. ", "Japanese airlines facing threat from below- Nikkei Asian Review", "India bites the $18.6 billion high speed bullet", "India and Japan sign high speed rail memorandum", India getting ready for bullet trains - Central Chronicle, "Bullet Trains – Lalu Prasad Yadav – Railway Minister – Shinkansen – Japan – Tokyo – Kyoto – Mumbai", "Japan to provide Shinkansen technology to Thailand", "Consolidated Land and Rail Australia Pty Ltd", "U.S. wants to study shinkansen technology", "U.S. railroad official seeks Japan's help", "JR Tokai chief urges U.S. and Canada together to introduce Japan's N700 bullet rail system", "Vietnam plans Japanese bullet train link", Biting the Bullet: What we can learn from the Shinkansen, Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency, Japan Railway Construction Public Corporation, Corporation for Advanced Transport and Technology, Experimental and prototype high-speed trains (category), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shinkansen&oldid=1017712971, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles with failed verification from May 2011, Articles with dead external links from May 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from April 2018, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2016, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Wikipedia articles containing placeholders, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Hokuriku Shinkansen Phase 4 (Tsuruga – Obama – Kyoto – Shin-Osaka). This is the name for the concept of using a single train that is specially designed to travel on both 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow gauge railway lines and the 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge used by Shinkansen train services in Japan. [5][6], In the UK, the English dub of the film was bundled with Golgo 13: Assignment Kowloon and G.I. Initial estimates, however, were deliberately understated and the actual cost was about 400 billion yen. However, Ōshiro is forced to drop the case and retreat when police yell at a university judo team jogging nearby. [10] Nevertheless, China's share is increasing fast, as close to 9.5 billion passengers in that nation have been served by the end of 2018 and is projected to pass Japan's cumulative numbers by as early as 2020.[54]. [8] On 9 December 2005, Toei released a special two-disc "Overseas Edition" (海外版, Kaigai Han) DVD featuring the French and English versions. Currently an important factor is the post bubble zero interest-rate policy that allows JR to borrow huge sums of capital without significant concern regarding repayment timing. Some of Japan's high-speed maglev trains are considered Shinkansen,[32] while other slower maglev trains (such as the Linimo maglev train line serving local community near the city of Nagoya in Aichi, Japan) are intended as alternatives to conventional urban rapid transit systems. [68] JR Central has confirmed it will construct the line through Kanagawa Prefecture, and terminate at Shinagawa Station. A new anti-derailment device was installed after detailed analysis of the Jōetsu derailment. While no construction work was ever started, land along the proposed track, including an underground section leading to Shinjuku Station, remains reserved. [56] There are approximately 50 freight trains using the dual gauge section each day, so limiting the travel of such trains to times outside of Shinkansen services is not an option. The passengers once again panic when a businessman threatens to pull the emergency door latch open as the train passes through Shin-Ōsaka; they are further exacerbated when they hear of Ōshiro's death on the radio. [58], There are further plans to extend the line from Tsuruga to Osaka, with the 'Obama-Kyoto' route chosen by the government on 20 December 2016,[27] after a government committee investigated the five nominated routes. [18] That does not include the savings from reduced reliance on imported fuel, which also has national security benefits. Shinkansen uses a 25 kV AC overhead power supply (20 kV AC on Mini-shinkansen lines), to overcome the limitations of the 1,500 V direct current used on the existing electrified narrow-gauge system. One of the Japanese Shinkansen “Bullet Trains” is threatened with a bomb that will explode automatically if the train slows below 80 km/h, unless a ransom is paid. Gavin Newsom’s 2018 plan to revamp the bullet train, in which he would build a 171-mile partial high speed rail system from Bakersfield to … Name recently changed from Bazaar Bullet Train Organization. Slab track is significantly more cost-effective in tunnel sections, since the lower track height reduces the cross-sectional area of the tunnel, reducing construction costs up to 30%. Eight of ten cars of the Toki No. As the Loading gauge (size of the train that can travel on a line) was not altered when the rail gauge was widened, only Shinkansen trains specially built for these routes can travel on the lines. JR Hokkaido is extending the Hokkaido Shinkansen from Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto to Sapporo to open by March 2031,[6] with tunnelling work on the 5,265 m Murayama tunnel, situated about 1 km north of Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto Station, commencing in March 2015, and due to be completed by March 2021. The National High Speed Rail Corporation (NHSRC) was incorporated in 2017 to manage all HSR related activities in India. It enables automatic braking of Shinkansen trains in the event of large earthquakes. [10][11] At peak times, the line carries up to 13 trains per hour in each direction with 16 cars each (1,323-seat capacity and occasionally additional standing passengers) with a minimum headway of three minutes between trains. A greater proportion of motored axles permits higher acceleration, so the Shinkansen does not lose as much time if stopping frequently. With each car measuring 25 m (82 ft) in length, the longest trains are 400 m (1/4 mile) end to end. Fukushima–Shinjō and Ōmagari–Akita exist as the. As the budget shortfall became clear in 1963, Sogo resigned to take responsibility.[16]. Shortly after the train's departure, railway security head Miyashita is notified by Okita that a bomb has been planted aboard and will explode if the train slows down below 80 km/h. [91][92], Parts of this article (those related to overall stats) need to be. The lines have been built without road crossings at grade. [55] The ALFA-X is currently undergoing testing. The Bullet Train premiered in Japan on 5 July 1975. [46] Toyama–Jōetsu-Myōkō exists as part of the Hokuriku Shinkansen, and Nagaoka–Niigata exists as part of the Jōetsu Shinkansen, with provisions for the Uetsu Shinkansen at Nagaoka; Ōmagari–Akita exists as part of the Akita Shinkansen, but as a "Mini-Shinkansen" upgrade of existing conventional line, it does not meet the requirements of the Basic Plan. The routes use tunnels and viaducts to go through and over obstacles rather than around them, with a minimum curve radius of 4,000 meters (2,500 meters on the oldest Tōkaidō Shinkansen).[22]. It enabled day trips between Tokyo and Osaka, the two largest metropolises in Japan, significantly changed the style of business and life of the Japanese people, and increased new traffic demand. Its noise is now limited to less than 70 dB in residential areas. Miyashita explains that this is part of the police's trap for Okita. [2][failed verification] When a Shinkansen ("bullet train") is threatened with a bomb that will explode automatically if it slows below 80 km/h unless a ransom is paid, police race to find the bombers and to learn how to defuse the bomb. Over the Shinkansen's 50-plus-year history, carrying over 10 billion passengers, there has been not a single passenger fatality or injury due to train accidents. Five killers find themselves on a bullet train from Tokyo competing for a suitcase full of money. Beyond long-distance travel, some sections around the largest metropolitan areas are used as a commuter rail network. Japan's high-speed line between Tokyo and Osaka was inaugurated in 1964; the famous Shinkansen 'bullet train' (named for its shape) could reach a speed of 210 kmph. All three had worked on aircraft design during World War II.[15]. Okita ponders on giving up his mission, as he has failed to prevent any bloodshed, but Koga convinces him to carry on. Bullet trains travel up to three times the normal speed of a train. Welcome to the Bullet Train! Originally intended to carry passenger and freight trains by day and night, the Shinkansen lines carry only passenger trains. And it is going to change the way we travel today. With Zazie Beetz, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Joey King, Brad Pitt. Japanese Maglev bullet train prototype Maglev top speed. Taiwan High Speed Rail operates 700T Series sets built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Among the key people credited with the construction of the first Shinkansen are Hideo Shima, the Chief Engineer, and Shinji Sogō, the first President of Japanese National Railways (JNR) who managed to persuade politicians to back the plan. Many Shinkansen lines were proposed during the boom of the early 1970s but have yet to be constructed and have subsequently been shelved indefinitely. Class 802 Bi-Mode trains were built by Hitachi for Great Western Railway, TransPennine Express and Hull Trains. The term bullet train (弾丸列車, dangan ressha) originates from 1939, and was the initial name given to the Shinkansen project in its earliest planning stages. The California bullet train is an alternative name for the proposed high-speed train system being planned for the large state. Shinkansen lines have more stops in proportion to their lengths than high-speed lines elsewhere in the world. The service was an immediate success, reaching the 100 million passenger mark in less than three years on 13 July 1967, and one billion passengers in 1976. [45] The privatized JRs eventually paid a total of ¥9.2 trillion to acquire JNR's Shinkansen network.[18]. Railways using Shinkansen technology are not limited to those in Japan. The Mechanism of Railway Tracks. [28] JR Kyushu also announced the service would continue to use the name 'Kamome' for the Hakata-Nagasaki service, which has been in use since 1961.[64]. In addition, the Basic Plan specified that the Jōetsu Shinkansen should start from Shinjuku, not Tokyo Station, which would have required building an additional 30 km of track between Shinjuku and Ōmiya. There were no casualties among the 154 passengers. Originating in Japan, it is so named because of its sleek, aerodynamic appearance and its speed. However, Shinji Sogō, President of Japanese National Railways, insisted strongly on the possibility of high-speed rail, and the Shinkansen project was implemented. Consequently, Japan had a greater need for new high-speed lines than countries where the existing standard gauge or broad gauge rail system had more upgrade potential. [88] The Japanese consortium included the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Mitsui & Co., Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Toshiba. The entire route was completed in 1992. Three test trains have been constructed, with the second set having completed reliability trials on the Yosan Line east of Matsuyama (in Shikoku) in September 2013. The name stuck because of the original 0 Series Shinkansen's resemblance to a bullet and its high speed. [83] A business case has been prepared for the government by Infrastructure Australia, and was awaiting confirmation of the project within the 2018 federal budget. The Vietnamese government had already given basic approval for the Shinkansen system, although it still requires financing and formal consent from the prime minister. Snow-dispersing sprinkler systems have been installed, but delays of 10–20 minutes still occur during snowy weather. [14] Furthermore, the name superexpress (超特急, chō-tokkyū), used exclusively until 1972 for Hikari trains on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen, is used today in English-language announcements and signage. Class 395 EMUs were built by Hitachi based on Shinkansen technology for use on high-speed commuter services in Britain on the High Speed 1 line. The proposal shortens the distance between Hakata and Nagasaki by 6.2% (9.6 km), and while only 64% of the route will be built to full Shinkansen standards, it will eliminate the slowest sections of the existing narrow gauge route. [84][85], On 1 June 2009, JR Central Chairman, Yoshiyuki Kasai, announced plans to export both the N700 Series Shinkansen high-speed train system and the SCMaglev to international export markets, including the United States and Canada. On 6 March 2017 the government committee announced the chosen route from Kyoto to Shin-Osaka is to be via Kyotanabe, with a station at Matsuiyamate on the Katamachi Line. The origins of the Shinkansen actually make a lot of sense – just as there have long been plans to connect London to other cities and towns in the UK than ever before, the bullet train was brought in to help people get to and from Tokyo at speed. The Tōkaidō Shinkansen's rapid success prompted an extension westward to Okayama, Hiroshima and Fukuoka (the San'yō Shinkansen), which was completed in 1975. Shinkansen fares are generally competitive with domestic air fares. The Shinkansen takes about two and a half hours by. The trains are proposed to operate at over 320 km/h (200 mph). Along the Jōetsu Shinkansen route, winter snow can be very heavy, with depths of two to three metres; the line is equipped with stronger sprinklers and slab track to mitigate the snow's effects. The Tōkaidō Shinkansen began service on 1 October 1964, in time for the first Tokyo Olympics. Many other planned lines were delayed or scrapped entirely as JNR slid into debt throughout the late 1970s, largely because of the high cost of building the Shinkansen network. First of all I decided to set the English in the present tense, to convey the pace and immediacy of the action. Extensive trials using the Fastech 360 test trains have shown that operation at 360 km/h (224 mph) is not currently feasible because of problems of noise pollution (particularly tunnel boom), overhead wire wear, and braking distances. During the 2020-21 New Year Holiday period when fewer freight trains were operating, certain Shinkansen services were operated at 210 km/h (130 mph) on the dual gauge section and this is proposed again for the Golden Week Holiday period from 3-6 May 2021 [57]. Beyond long-distance travel, some sections around the largest metropolitan areas are used as a commuter rail network. [4] The original Japanese version was released on Blu-ray by Twilight Time on 13 December 2016, with a limited run of 3,000 units. Traveling by the Tokaido Shinkansen from Tokyo to Osaka produces only around 16% of the carbon dioxide of the equivalent journey by car, a saving of 15,000 tons of CO2 per year.[18]. Two new lines, the Tōhoku Shinkansen and Jōetsu Shinkansen, were built following this plan. One of the Japanese Shinkansen "Bullet Trains" is threatened with a bomb that will explode automatically if the train slows below 80 km/h, unless a ransom is paid. The film was retitled Super Express 109 for its release in France on 30 June 1976.

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