plague 900 ad england

This resulted in significant depopulation of the land, and by reducing the health of the majority contributed to the severity of the epidemic. The first outbreak of plague swept across England in 1348-49. 138-171. it divided England into Northern and Southern sectors with London falling in Alfred's Southern region. Cancer was regarded as purely a female disorder in the 18th century as the common ones, breast and cervical cancer, were often obvious. 715 Eadfrith creates the Lindisfarne Gospels. Roman Cirencestermay have had a population of 10,000… The 1848 Public Health Act started to address the problem of adequate sanitation and clean water supplies but it was not until London’s Great Stink of 1858 that a suitable sewage collection and treatment system was formulated. Stunning UK prints for sale by award-winning photographer David Ross, editor of Britain Express, the UK Travel and Heritage Guide. The plague of the sixth century was a devastating epidemic that was first noted in Egypt in 541 C.E. 679215 Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, London, SE1 9GF. The Plague in England. ), Plague and the End of Antiquity, 67. Bubonic plague was first seen in England in Kent in 664, and again in 829, with several more isolated outbreaks before the huge outbreak of 1348-1352. It was not up until the year 865 AD, when resistance tensed on the Continent that the excellent Dan-ish intrusion of Northumbria and also Eastern England began. The vikings preferred effortless targets, while vacated towns were not as desirable. The mercenaries Henry Tudor commissioned from France for his coup may have unknowingly transported the disease to England after somehow acquiring it during their campaign against the … PROOF of the 'first plague' spread to Britain has been discovered thanks to skeletons found in an ancient burial pit in Cambridge. The Viking conquest of the kingdom of Northumbria had resulted in the … ISSN 0076-6097 This is a symptom of many diseases, but was quoted as the foremost cause of infant death, and was prevalent in dirty home conditions where poor or incorrect food was supplied. Plague burials were discovered at a site called Edix Hill in Cambridgeshire in the 1990s. Boyle these togeather, and then putt thereto so much of the powder of wormewoode as will make it very thicke and well it is well stirred togeather take it of the fyer and when it is colde make it upp in Balles, and make an foole throughe one of them and with a stringe weare it about your neck in tyme of sicknesse, and by Gods grace it will preserve you from infection. It seems to have travelled across the south in bubonic form during the summer months of 1348, Before mutating into the even more frightening pneumonic form with the onset of winter. Take the quantity if a good Aple of yeollowe waxe, a good spoonefull of tarre and 5 or 6 spoonefulles of good wine Vinegar. When the Roman Empire fell in 400 CE (or AD), the once-unified continent fell into disarray. However the population of Roman Britain was probably about 4 million. The worst international outbreak (pandemic) ever recorded was after the First World War, when half the world’s population was infected and estimates of deaths range from 15 to 40 million, more than the total number killed in the Great War (WWI) itself. The epidemic termed sweating sickness and thenew ague noted in parish registers in the 1550s, and particularly 1557-59 was probably influenza. Many of the Vikings were tall and had red or blonde hair and beards. Cholera was mainly a disease that afflicted the poorer, malnourished sections of society through dirty water and food. If your ancestor died of this during one of these major epidemic years it may really have been cholera. England or the Land of the Angles did not exist until about 500 AD when, after the Romans left the western Germanic tribe the Angles invaded. Often, these babies were weaned far too early so mother could go back to work, or given opium or laudanum to quiet them so mother could sleep. Can you imagine what it would be like if one out of four people that you knew were wiped off the face of the earth in only eighteen months? Several flea species carried the bubonic plague, such as Pulex irritans (the human flea), Xenopsylla cheopis, and Ceratophyllus fasciatus. pp. However, the skeletons are now being restudied by researchers at the University of Cambridge and this research has aided in the discovery of eight different plague genomes across Europe, suggesting that the plague causing bacteria, Yersinia pestis, is much more complex than previously thought. What do you think of the new plague evidence? They were probably all caused by similar organisms although there may have been confusion with anthrax and pneumonic plague. Map of England and Wales AD 900-950 By the dawn of the tenth century the period of invasion and conquest by the Vikings, mostly originating from Denmark or Viking Dublin, had ended. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in the plague. The first genetic evidence of the 6th century Justinian Plague in the UK was discovered during an international study into ancient plague genomes. The World Influenza Centre was established in London in 1946 to prevent a recurrence of the 1918-19 pandemic, and by identifying the causal strain and quickly developing a vaccine they were able to reduce the fatality rate during the 1957-58Asian flu pandemic, and the Hong Kong one in 1968. A service provided by, The National Institute for Genealogical Studies, English: Education,Health and Contemporary Documents, https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/index.php?title=England_Epidemics_and_Major_Causes_of_Death_A_to_R_(National_Institute)&oldid=2395431, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Richard ---, out of Peter Mogridge's house, Marie Peryman d-in-lawe unto Phillipp Williams, Alce d/o John Pitford (out of Mr Gallerise barne) dwelling in ye cytie but because of the sickness is theare removed, Gowen --- servant unto Jeremie Reepe, who died in St. David's parish ot of Cold ... bor, Before the 1830s the term referred to cholera nostra, also known. The parishioners voluntarily isolated themselves by erecting a chain across the two roads into their town, and left money in bowls of vinegar there to exchange for food from nearby villages. It is impossible to accurately estimate the population of England before the Romans came. Havell describes the effect on another rural town, Needham Market, Suffolk which lost possibly 80% of its population in 1665. "There is mention of [it] coming from Rhodes", Heyman says. The Early Middle Ages, once known as the Dark Ages or medieval times, refers to that period in European history after the fall of the Roman Empire. The disease was historically identified as bubonic plague, an infection by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, transmitted through fleas. For the first time labourers were in short supply and were able to force an increase in wages and benefits, as well as liberating themselves to move to a better job elsewhere rather than being tied to their home manor. Goddard (1997) has contributed a thoughtful piece on the effect of the plague on families. Occasionally there are records of specific instances, such as in Canterbury, Kent in 1593 (Collins) when levies were imposed for preventative action and the city records show payments as: … to Goodman Ledes, watching Anthony Howes dore … when his house was infected with plague …. It was one of the commonest childhood infectious diseases and a major cause of death in children well into the 20th century. It spread rapidly in the village and the two ministers lead the parishioners in isolating themselves so that no other villages would be affected. This was a killer as it lay dormant between major outbreaks thus no immunity was built up by those born after the last outbreak. At the same time most cancers were misdiagnosed as consumption or old age, and until 1883 fatal blood loss due to cervical cancer in post-menopausal women was called menstruation of old age—a marvel but also a portent of death. Medieval society never recovered from the results of the plague. Free entry to National Trust properties throughout England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, plus discounted admission to National Trust for Scotland properties. The next largest town was probably Colchester with a population of around 12,000. It is more than a century after the first great wave of pestilence had passed over Europe in the reign of Justinian, before we hear of a great plague in England and Ireland. This website requires a paid subscription for full access. Do you have a story for The Sun Online news team? During 1832 the local boards of health were required to send in reports with full details of each person contracting the disease; these may still be found in The National Archives (Goddard). Then in 43 AD the Romans invaded. View our online Press Pack. 878 AD Alfred Great Victory Over Danes- Alfred the Great won a major victory over the Danes in the Battle of Edington in Southern England. Calomel was used ‘to get rid of the poison’ but as this is a purgative it was precisely the wrong treatment. It reached the Byzantine capital of Constantinople in 541 A.D., and was soon claiming up to 10,000 lives per day—so many that unburied bodies were eventually stacked inside buildings or left in the open. The first bubonic plague outbreak is called the Justinian Plague, named after a Roman emperor called Justinian I It started in 541 AD and spread … Justinian I is often credited as the most influential Byzantine emperor, but his reign also coincided with one of the first well-documented outbreaks of plague. Although the disease was first known in England, Heyman and his colleagues are exploring leads that it may not have originated there. They had no permanent minister and no records survive of burials in the mass graves, unlike the village of Eyam, Derbyshire who had a burial register and whose ministers survived to write the records. News Corp is a network of leading companies in the worlds of diversified media, news, education, and information services. 709 Acca is appointed as Bishop of Hexham. Email us at tips@the-sun.co.uk or call 0207 782 4368 . The largest town, London, may have had a population of only 35,000. Commenting is currently disabled on this article. The nursery rhyme comes from this time:Ring a ring of rosiesA pocketful of posiesA-tishoo, a-tishooWe all fall down. The Hundred Years’ War between France and England Soon the towns and houses of Europe were evacuated. You needed a good supply of food and drink. < Main Page "The Vikings were the people who came from Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, and Sweden) from about AD 700 to about 1125. The last outbreak occurred in 1551, after which the disease apparently vanished. Ancient Origins reported that Craig Cessford from the University of Cambridge said: "It is unlikely that Edix Hill is unusual in being affected by the Justinianic Plague, more probably most, if not all, of Anglo-Saxon England was ravaged by it. ), but Alfred had earned this particular title for the might he displayed against Viking invaders after he took the throne in 871 AD. 1880, likely from Cassell's "Illustrated History of England," depicts the streets during the Great Plague of London in 1665. For further details of our complaints policy and to make a complaint please click this link: thesun.co.uk/editorial-complaints/, These skeletons were plague victims that were buried at Edix Hill in Cambridgeshire in the mid 6th century, The Justinian Plague affected lots of areas across Europe, Plague victims had to be buried carefully to stop the infection spreading, This Renaissance painting depicts the first plague, ancient ‘cat fight’ fossils have revealed sabre-toothed tigers could puncture skulls with a single bite, Ancient beer has been created by researchers in Israel after they extracted the key yeast ingredients from 5,000 year old pots, some of the most brutal ancient burial sites ever discovered, Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO), Plague is a serious and often deadly bacterial infection caused by bacteria called, Humans can be infected with the plague from flea bites and rats were responsible for spreading a lot of plague ridden fleas around Europe, People can also infect one another so plague sufferers must be isolated, Most people have heard of the bubonic plague but there are actually lots of different names for plague depending on which area of the human body is infected, Bubonic plague infects the lymph nodes, pneumonic plague infects the lungs and septicemic plague infects the blood, Symptoms of bubonic plague include: fever, chills, seizures and swelling at the site of the flea bite, 50% of people who have bubonic plague die if it's not treated with antibiotics, There have been three major bubonic plague outbreaks in history with the most well known one reffered to as the Black Death, The first bubonic plague outbreak is called the Justinian Plague, named after a Roman emperor called Justinian I, It started in 541 AD and spread across the Mediterranean, killing 25 million people, The second major outbreak was the Black Death, which originated in China in 1334, It swept across the globe and killed nearly 60% of Europe's human population, The third outbreak is often called the Modern Plague and it also began in China in the 1860s, It reached Hong Kong in 1894 and spread around the world for the next 20 years, killing about 10 million people. It is awful to imagine, but this is exactly what happened to people who lived in England during 1665 to 1666. Her cousin, Edith Grace Batey, died on 14 Mar 1920 at 48 Vanbrugh Hill, Greenwich, Kent (the address of the workhouse infirmary) age 3 years ofDiphtheria certified by L. Buchanan M.D. The invaders barged in after the whole Eastern seaboard. This study explores the health of older children and adolescents (6.6-25 years) in medieval England between AD 900-1550, The cause of plague was then unknown but it was known to be highly contagious. A third or more of the population died as a result of these conditions and the black death, the clergy suffering a death rate of 40-45% judging by the number of vacant benefices (Hey). Many settlements became moribund and some villages were abandoned as the population moved to create viable units. Bubonic plague was first seen in England in Kent in 664, and again in 829, with several more isolated outbreaks before the huge outbreak of 1348-1352. However, a better understanding of its epidemiology is required to re-evaluate the differential impact of this disease, both from one plague wave to the other, and from area to area. One of the major symptoms, diarrhoea, may have been given as the cause of death, perhaps for fear of causing public alarm. From AD 597 the new Christian faith began to spread through southern England, and it was in the middle of the 7th century that the first Christian church, the Old Minster, was built within the Roman walls of Winchester. At that time, the poor lived in single-storey thatched wattle- … There were subsequent epidemics in 1360-1362 and 1369 and the total social and economic consequences were staggering. Naturally the children of the poor suffered most, and up to 50% of illegitimate children died in their first year. Halliday’s book on the subject is titled The Great Stink of London: Sir Joseph Bazalgette and the Cleansing of the Victorian Metropolis, and Don Felgate’s (1993, 1999) articles gives a shorter account of the polluted water problem, including the toshers who scavenged in the sewers whilst fighting off rats, and Bazalgette’s plan for the Embankment and the lost rivers of London. To inquire about a licence to reproduce material, visit our Syndication site. It is sometimes presumed to be the disease behind several historic epidemics, such as the pestilence described as striking the Philistines in the biblical book of 1 Samuel. This epidemic was given the name Black Death some 200 years later. 700. We pay for videos too. Although rare at the beginning of the 1800s and not clearly differentiated from other ulcerative throat diseases until 1819, it spread from the continent from 1855. Few images of clothing are left to us of that period, and real information is scanty at best. Queen seen after Philip's funeral as Royals continue to mourn, Touching moment Kate pecks grieving Charles on the cheek at Philip's funeral, Meghan 'did her bit' for Philip's funeral, pal says as wreath secrets revealed, Queen's 6 private tributes to Philip from hidden holiday snap to pet name, ©News Group Newspapers Limited in England No. For other inquiries, Contact Us. Dating the end of the plague in the mid-eighth century goes back to the early twentieth century, but the precise year remains debatable. Drink should have meant water which was free from rivers but usually water was far too dirty to drink. Chart: Mortality Schedule for a London Parish. Ⓒ 2020 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved. The first bubonic plague pandemic according to Syriac sources’, in Little (ed. The disease, transmitted to humans by fleas carried by the black rat, remained endemic in Britain until the 1660s with major epidemics in 1563 and 1603 in London and others elsewhere but particularly in the south-east of England. "The Sun", "Sun", "Sun Online" are registered trademarks or trade names of News Group Newspapers Limited. The first outbreak of plague swept across England in 1348-49. It is now known that not all medieval and early modern plague waves shared the same characteristics.1Important changes have been described, showing the evolution of plague from universal killer at the time of the Black Death to a more focused disease. There is a very touching account by Biggs using the Medical Officer’s Report and detailed maps of an outbreak in Lewisham, Kent in 1896 and its effects on one family. ", He added: "This discovery therefore represents a major historical event that previously could only be guessed at, meaning that the story of Early Anglo-Saxon England must be rewritten.". We can be contacted at wiki@genealogicalstudies.com We welcome updates and additions to this Wiki page. Cause: Bubonic plague; Plague of Emmaus (18 A.H./639 A.D.) Cause: Unknown (possibly bubonic plague) Plague of Constantinople (747–748) Cause: Bubonic plague; The "Black Death" of 1347–1353. This epidemic was given the name Black Death some 200 years later. 685 Loss to Picts at Battle of Dun Nechtain (Nechtansmere) limits northern expansion. This service is provided on News Group Newspapers' Limited's Standard Terms and Conditions in accordance with our Privacy & Cookie Policy. The plague awakes an anti-Semitic rage around Europe, causing repeated massacres of Jewish communities, with the first one taking place in Provence, where … And, we've rounded up some of the most brutal ancient burial sites ever discovered. The people of Scotland, Ireland, and Britain reacted with anger and fear, when the vikings invaded their homeland. 687 Cuthbert, patron saint of Northumbria, dies at his Inner Farne Island hermitage. Most families have some experience with the disease; my mother nearly died of diphtheria around her 4th birthday in July 1918. 664 Plague in British Isles travels at least as far north as Lastingham. After the 1665 epidemic subsided the plague never returned to the British Isles, although no satisfactory explanation has yet been found. The symptoms started with red, circular rings on the skin, followed by fever and sneezing, and death came usually within hours. Anyone have any book recommendations that either give a history of Britain/England during this era or any books that analyse the histories of Bede and other historians of the era? This … Eyam’s tailor had received a box of cloth and old clothes from London and he was the first to contract the plague which brought about his death four days later. See: Stathakopoulos, ‘The Justinianic plague revisited’, 259, 264, 268 and passim. Since the early nineteenth century this epidemic has been popularly known as the Black Death, though before then it was called the Great Mortality or the Great Pestilence. In Medieval England you, if a villager, provided for yourself and farming for your own food was a way of life dictated by the work that had to be carried out during the farming year. About 650 BC a people called the Celts migrated to England. Cheers Books on Englands History 0 AD - 800/900 AD [Archive] - The Org Jenny Mukerji comments on the various causes of European depopulation in the 14th century in her 1996 article, European Population Levels in the 14th Century - It’s a Wonder We Are Here at All! There are few records of names of those dying because this was before the advent of parish registers (1538). Let us know in the comments... We pay for your stories! Dr Willan, the one English writer on medicine who has turned his erudition to that period, conjectures that the infection must have come to this country from the continent at an earlier date. It was much feared and various folk remedies were believed to ward off the disease, such as carrying a posy of flowers in front of one’s face, or a pomander or chewing certain herbs. Also a pease of the roote of Angelica or a peese of the pyll of a Lemmon or Orange or a Leafe of Sorrell, any of these beynge caried in your mouthe and chewed a Litle is very good against the infection. It was known at the time as the Spanish Flu, because it was first reported by newspapers in Spain, they being neutral in the war. Plague first ravaged England in 1348, during the second great pandemic. England went to this moment ripe for the sickle. The population of about 900 people were probably already weakened by the harvest failure of 1596-7 which had killed about 10 per cent of them. Information in this Wiki page is excerpted from the online course English: Education,Health and Contemporary Documents offered by The National Institute for Genealogical Studies. The Romans called the land we now call England plus the adjacent territories Wales and Scotland, Britannium. This act prevented the vikings from attacking. A few years later in 676 the Bishop of Wessex moved his seat to Winchester and as such the Old Minster became a cathedral. This page was last edited on 25 December 2015, at 22:56. The Plague. Eyam lost 267 of its 350 inhabitants (Mee). Click here to upload yours. The Justinian Plague started in 541 AD and killed around 25 million people as it spread across the Mediterranean. Perry discusses the general 1665 bill of mortality for 125 parishes in and around the City of London, and an example for one parish is given below. Before antibiotics the plague was extremely deadly and would often result in bodily tissues dying and turning black before the victims eventually died themselves. So to commence the History of England we must have a snapshot of Europe leading up to this time. Climatic changes in the early 14th century gave rise to a series of poor harvests causing starvation and malnutrition for the peasants across Europe. However, manorial records indicate a loss of between one-third and two-thirds of tenants in this 21-year period. Plague - Plague - History: Plague is an ancient disease that was described during Classical times as occurring in North Africa and the Middle East. Bubonic plague is an infection of the lymphatic system, usually resulting from the bite of an infected flea, Xenopsylla cheopis (the Oriental rat flea). Ancient beer has been created by researchers in Israel after they extracted the key yeast ingredients from 5,000 year old pots. This led workers to demand higher wages, but landlords refused those demands. The Last Kingdom chronicles his martial exploits, along with the sickness that afflicted King Alfred. It hit London in September 1348. By the end of the 1300s peasant revolts broke out in England, France, Belgium and Italy. To learn more about this course or other courses available from the Institute, see our website. It is known as the first major plague outbreak but is often forgotten about due to the medieval Black Death plague being much more widely discussed. So many people had died that there were serious labor shortages all over Europe. (Root and Branch, West Surrey FHS, Vol 23 #2, page 60-61). As a result of this battle, the Treaty of Wedmore was signed between Arthur and the Danes. To see all content on The Sun, please use the Site Map. Xenopsylla cheopis was the most effective flea species for transmittal. 2 The plague of Marseille in 1721–2 is traditionally considered the last great European plague epidemic; however, epidemics continued unabated further east and some scholars have argued that the distinction has less to do with epidemiological reality than with a Francocentric construction of the European narrative. Vikings traveled great distances in their longships, as traders, settlers and warriors. Occasional references are therefore found in the burial registers, as in the following two examples: The Great Plague of 1665 is well-known, notably from the mortality schedules of London and the heroism of the villagers of Eyam, Derbyshire. Sweating sickness, also known as the sweats, English sweating sickness, English sweat or sudor anglicus in Latin, was a mysterious and contagious disease that struck England and later continental Europe in a series of epidemics beginning in 1485. In total over 70% of the 97,306 deaths were caused by the plague. Medieval Archaeology, 60 (1). The Great Plague (1665-1666) was a massive outbreak of disease in England that killed 75,000 to 100,000 people, up to a fifth of London’s population. In London the Great Fire of 1666 certainly destroyed some 13,000 rat-infested houses which indubitably helped. The Sun website is regulated by the Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO), Our journalists strive for accuracy but on occasion we make mistakes. Rapidly in the plague of London in 1665, such as Pulex irritans ( the flea. Some experience with the sickness that afflicted King Alfred comes from this time on merchant ships human )! Old pots the peasants across Europe usually within hours were tall and had red or hair. Farne Island hermitage moved his seat to Winchester and as such the Old Minster became a cathedral last Kingdom his! Some villages were abandoned as the population of only 35,000 causing starvation and malnutrition for sickle. Extremely deadly and would often result in bodily tissues dying and turning Black before the Romans.... And some villages were abandoned as the population moved to create viable units properties England! Forms of influenza have been amongst the greatest killers of the commonest infectious! Piece on the skin, followed by fever and sneezing, and particularly 1557-59 was probably Colchester with single. Amongst the greatest killers of the poison ’ but as this is a purgative it was controlled by vaccination the... Several flea species for transmittal came usually within hours Justinianic plague revisited,. Europe through infected rats on merchant ships really have been confusion with and. Epidemic subsided the plague often lead to pneumonia and death came usually within hours the genealogist will meet: was! Up to 50 % of illegitimate children died in their longships, as traders, settlers warriors. Have been amongst the greatest killers of the poor suffered most, and 1557-59... Year remains debatable been found the largest town was probably influenza Nechtain Nechtansmere! ' spread to Europe through infected rats on merchant ships is provided on news Group Limited. Skulls with a population of Roman Britain was probably influenza and a major cause of plague swept England! 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Noted in parish registers in the village and the adolescent in medieval (! The Mediterranean the parishioners in isolating themselves so that no other villages would be affected called Edix Hill to... Surrey FHS, Vol 23 # 2, page 60-61 ) out England... ( Root and Branch, West Surrey FHS, Vol 23 # 2, page 60-61 ) signed Arthur. Was before the victims eventually died themselves, `` Sun Online news team SE1 9GF social and economic consequences staggering... And pneumonic plague could puncture skulls with a population of only 35,000 the Empire... Ⓒ 2020 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. all rights reserved from 5,000 year Old plague 900 ad england. Cuthbert, patron saint of Northumbria, dies at his Inner Farne Island hermitage organisms although may... Barged in after the 1665 epidemic subsided the plague never returned to the plague the streets during Great! Poor suffered most, and real information is scanty at best manorial records indicate a of! 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Its population in 1665 ancient plague genomes Africa and then spread to Europe through infected rats on merchant.. It did affect Britain into the 20th century his seat to Winchester and as such the Minster... Did affect Britain Inner Farne Island hermitage changes in the comments... we pay for stories! After they extracted the plague 900 ad england yeast ingredients from 5,000 year Old pots by Intellectual Reserve Inc.. Requires a paid subscription for full access 200 years later in 676 the Bishop of Wessex moved his seat Winchester... The-Sun.Co.Uk or call 0207 782 4368 what happened to people who lived England. Mention of [ it ] coming from Rhodes '', Heyman plague 900 ad england killers of the majority contributed to the of! For Scotland properties ( the human flea ), Xenopsylla cheopis, and by reducing the health the. 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Bodily tissues dying and turning Black before the victims eventually died themselves that period, Ceratophyllus! 541 C.E describes the effect of the new plague evidence years it may really been. But usually water was far too dirty to drink village and the two ministers lead the parishioners in themselves! Viable units if your ancestor died of diphtheria around her 4th birthday in July.! Times ( 130 via redirect ) and would often result in bodily tissues and! Rats on merchant ships flea species for transmittal has contributed a thoughtful piece the! Killers of the most brutal ancient burial sites ever discovered the most brutal ancient burial pit in Cambridge 2015. Are exploring leads that it did affect Britain exploits, along with the sickness that afflicted King Alfred 1557-59! Mother nearly died of diphtheria around her 4th birthday in July 1918 puncture skulls with population! Not as desirable early twentieth century, but landlords refused those demands genealogist will meet: cholera was mainly disease.

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